Thursday, June 19, 2014

Are Rural Hospitals Spread Too Thin?

More than 51 million Americans live in areas classified by the US Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as non-metropolitan.  This comprises one-fifth of the US population.  This population is generally older, poorer, sicker, less educated and in worse health than those living in metropolitan areas.  They also are more likely to need health care, have fewer hospital beds, lower physician per capita, lower access to health care and are less likely to have adequate health insurance.  

With at least 20 percent of the population living in rural areas, why is it that less than 11 percent of the nation’s physicians practice in rural areas.  Is it because rural health facilities are trying to compete with urban facilities  and spreading themselves too thin?






When people think about the health care infrastructure in many rural areas, they think about physician shortages, isolation, struggling small hospitals, aging equipment, lack of capital for investment, high uninsured population among residents and the list goes on.  This is certainly true in some rural areas.  While physical isolation and economic circumstances certainly play a role in rural community challenges, they do not pose insurmountable challenges.  Healthy does not require advanced medical technology such as open MRI and CAT scan capacity in every community.  What is necessary, is to make major inroads to ensure that rural communities have adequate access to those primary health care services which can address the major health needs of that community.

What are the health needs of small communities?  More often than not health is acknowledged more in its absence than its presence. However, when a family member, a friend or a colleague does become sick what is the expectation of care for a rural community resident?  To a large extent unrealistic and inappropriate community expectations are often driven by media reports that focus on expensive state-of-the-art equipment and promote dependency on immediate 24 hour-a-day services.  The notion of better health care is different from simply providing more health care.  Bearing in mind that resources are finite and relatively scarce, it is important for hospitals to target those services that are likely to yield the greatest health gain for their community.

Health promotion and illness prevention programs that fall within a public health approach can complement the provision of primary care in a small community.  Some of the greatest improvements in health status result from simply changing human behavior. Mandatory wearing of seat belts has drastically reduced the mortality rates associated with rural road trauma.  Annual checkups, cancer screens, lower alcohol consumption and taking greater responsibility for ones own health can minimize preventable ill health. These efforts combined with primary care services enable a rural community hospital to cater realistic health care to its residents.


It is safe to say that rural health care has made significant strides in recent years with telemedicine providing greater access to specialists, managed care providing more affordable care, and recruiting efforts and incentives to increase the number of physicians practicing in rural areas.  Health care is a lot of things but it is also a business… big business.  It must look for its niche just as other big business does.


Maybe this niche is to provide the best primary care possible for its small town residents.  Rural hospitals don’t have to compete with their urban counterpart but rather focus on a solid, long-term positioning in its community as the best and preferred place to receive primary care.

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